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Item
“Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de una variedad de cebada dística (Hordeum vulgare L.) INIAP y cuatro líneas promisorias INIAP en el Campus Salache de la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, 2023 – 2024”
(Ecuador : Latacunga : Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Tigasi Caisaguano, Tania Selina; Torres Miño, Carlos Javier
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the agronomic performance of a variety of barley (hordeum vulgare L.) INIAP and four promising INIAP lines at the Technical University of Cotopaxi-Salache Campus, Eloy Alfaro Parish, Latacunga Canton, Cotopaxi Province 2023-2024. It focuses on the adaptability of the four promising lines (CMU-19-001, CMU-19-002, CD-19-004 and CD-19-013) and an improved variety (INIAP-CAÑICAPA2003) of distich barley, with the support of the National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), In this research, a completely randomized block design was used, with 5 treatments and 3 replications, which were implemented and planted in plots of 3.6 square meters; in which the following variables were evaluated: emergence, plant vigor, growth habit, plant height, spike size, number of grains per spike, yield, hectoliter or specific weight and diseases. In the results we were able to identify, the promising line that had the best agronomic performance was the promising line CD-19-004, with an emergence percentage of 100%, a plant height of 121.67 cm, semi-erect growth habit, good plant vigor, spike size of 10.18 cm, number of grains 27, a yield of 3582.41 kg ha-¹, hectolitric weight 64. 53 kg hl-¹ and a moderately resistant disease susceptibility, followed by the promising line CD-19-001 with an emergence percentage of 96.67%, a plant height of 121.67 cm, semi-erect growth habit, good plant vigor, spike size of 8.94 cm, number of grains 23, a yield of 3666.52 kg ha-¹, hectoliter weight of 63.19 kg hl-¹ and a moderately resistant disease susceptibility.
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“Evaluación de enraizantes en esquejes de dos variedades de papa (Solanum tuberosum), Clon 11-9-91, INIAP-CIP-Libertad en la Estación Experimental Santa Catalina INIAP-2024”
(Ecuador : Latacunga : Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Poaquiza Martinez, Silvia Adriana; Yauli Chicaiza, Guido Euclides
Potato cultivation is one of the most important for its high production and nutritional value. It is the third most important crop in the world, the same one that presents phytosanitary and productivity problems due to the affectation of the tubercle for its planting. Potato production decreased by 17% between 2000 and 2020. The objective of this research was to evaluate rooting in cuttings of two potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum), Clone 11-9-91 and INIAP-CIP-Libertad, below deck to fulfillment this objective, were used four rooting: (Ascophyllum nodosum algae, lentil extract, willow extract, and acid Acid 1-Naphthaleneacetic) of which eight treatments with three replicates were implemented, arranged in a completely random block design (DBCA) where the variables were evaluated: percentage of cuttings, sprout height, root length, root numbers and root weight. The data obtained were analyzed in variance analysis in INFOSTAT 2.0 software, and for significance we used the Tukey tests for 5% in the sources of variation that presented statistical significance. The results determined that (T1) Ascophyllum nodosum algae + Clone 11-9-91 exhibited the best cuttings at 97.66%, followed by acid 1-Naphthaleneacetic + INIAP-CIP-Libertad (T8) with 97.40%. In the variables, height of sprout at 30 and 45 days (T1) algae Ascophyllum nodosum + Clone 11-9-91 with 3.73 cm and 4.74 cm respectively. It was establised that (T3) willow extract + Clone 11-9-91 was the best for the variable root length with 11.41 cm, as well as for the number of roots with 4.92 and root weight with 0.30 g. As for the analysis of costs for treatments of which the lowest cost was presented was the Acid 1-Naphthalacetic with $ 0.18 ctv. For Everything it was established through the using evaluated rooting can be obtained potato seedlings from cuttings.
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“Evaluación de dosis de extractos de Monnina phillyreoides como controlador de insectos en condiciones de laboratorio”
(Ecuador : Latacunga : Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Aguirre Carrera, Marco Alejandro; Cuadrado Barreto, Geraldo Ariolfo
This research evaluates the effectiveness of different doses of Monnina phillyreoides extracts as biological control of insect pests under laboratory conditions. The reduction in crop yields caused by pests, with losses ranging from 20% to 30%, has been exacerbated by the drastic increase in synthetic chemical pesticides, amounting to some 500,000 tonnes per year globally per active ingredient. This phenomenon, coupled with crop intensification and the prevalence of monoculture, has resulted in a depletion of biodiversity and increasing resistance to insect pests. Despite their initial efficacy, the continued use of chemical pesticides has led to an increase in the need for higher doses and the use of more toxic products, negatively impacting the environment and human health. In response to these challenges, the main objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of Monnina phillyreoides extracts for controlling Drosophila immigrans as an alternative to chemical insecticides. The methodology included collecting Monnina phillyreoides samples, their botanical identification in the UTCEC Herbarium, and preparing extracts by maceration. Phytochemical analysis identified active compounds such as saponins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, and oils or fats, ruling out the presence of charcones and quinones. Laboratory tests showed that different concentrations of extracts applied to Drosophila immigrans significantly affected the control of these pests. The six cc concentration of extract showed the best results in terms of efficacy. These results suggest that Monnina phillyreoides have great potential as a bioinsecticide, offering a more sustainable alternative to conventional chemical insecticides. Further research under field conditions is recommended to validate these findings and explore their practical applicability in agriculture.
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“Remoción de arsénico en agua de uso agrícola utilizando un filtro, en la Junta de Tiliche San José Provincia De Cotopaxi período 24-24”
(Ecuador : Latacunga : Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Naula Lema, Carlos Cuauhtemoc; Tapia Borja, Alexandra Isabel
This project involved the design, implementation, and evaluation of a pilot multilayer filter for the removal of arsenic in intended water for agricultural use in the Tiliche San José Board, Cotopaxi Province. This region faces contamination problems in its irrigation water sources due to its volcanic origin. According to the reviewed background, the arsenic levels in the water exceed 0.1 mg/L, exceeding the Ecuadorian regulation of irrigation water quality established in the Texto Unificado de Legislación Secundaria de Medio Ambiente (TULSMA). This presents a significant risk to both health and agricultural production. The designed filter consists of 40 cm of 1 mm zeolite, two 10 cm layers of large limestone (100-120 mm), two layers of medium limestone (40-60 mm) and a layer of 1 cm polyethylene filter cloth. During initial testing, the filter reduced the arsenic concentration in water from 0.88 mg/L to 0.75 mg/L, representing a 14.77% removal. After making modifications to the filter media configuration, which included adding a layer of cloth to divide the zeolite into two 20 cm layers, the filter's efficiency significantly improved, achieving a reduction from 0.80 mg/L to 0.48 mg/L, equivalent to a 40% removal. The filter was monitored continuously every 50 minutes for 300 minutes of filtration, distributed in two irrigation shifts. On the first day, an average removal of 15% ± 2.04% was achieved, while during the second irrigation round, the removal was 12% ± 5.01%. The total estimated cost for the implementation and construction of the filter was USD 341.04.
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“Determinación de la diversidad y abundancia de artrópodos en cultivos frutícolas guaba (inga insignis), claudia (prunus domestica), durazno (prunus persica) en el campus salache de la universidad técnica de cotopaxi 2024”.
(Ecuador : Latacunga : Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Quishpe Churaco, Milton Javier; Jácome Mogro, Emerson Javier
Arthropod biodiversity is fundamental to the ecological balance in agricultural systems; however, agricultural intensification can negatively affect the diversity and abundance of these organisms. The study aimed to compare the diversity and abundance of arthropods in three crops, guaba, Claudia, and peach, and to evaluate the influence of climatic and temporal factors on these parameters. Sampling was carried out for 18 weeks in the three crops using 15 pitfall traps to evaluate these parameters. In guaba, arthropod abundance ranged from 29 to 242 individuals, with peaks in weeks 7, 9, 13, and 14. Thrips were the most abundant (1167 individuals), followed by mealybugs (879) and spiders (292). In Claudia, with higher relative diversity, 40 and 218 individuals were captured, with peaks in weeks 3, 9, 14, and 18; thrips (585) and mealybugs (590) dominated, but diversity was balanced. Peach catch ranges were from 34 to 265 individuals, with peaks in weeks 10, 14, 16, and 18. Mealybugs (1167) and ants (585) were predominant. The Insecta class was the most abundant of all crops, with peaches showing the highest number of individuals. Arachnida showed similar abundances between crops, while Chilopoda was more abundant in claudia. Statistical analyses found no significant relationship between arthropod abundance/diversity and climatic variables or weekly variations, although there were differences between sampling points. Although significant differences in diversity were observed between the three crops, no differences in arthropod abundance were found that could be explained by climatic conditions or temporal variations. It suggests that other factors not evaluated, such as edaphic characteristics or agricultural management, could influence arthropod diversity and abundance.