Browsing by Author "Cuadrado Barreto, Geraldo Ariolfo"

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    “Evaluación de dosis de extractos de Monnina phillyreoides como controlador de insectos en condiciones de laboratorio”
    (Ecuador : Latacunga : Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Aguirre Carrera, Marco Alejandro; Cuadrado Barreto, Geraldo Ariolfo
    This research evaluates the effectiveness of different doses of Monnina phillyreoides extracts as biological control of insect pests under laboratory conditions. The reduction in crop yields caused by pests, with losses ranging from 20% to 30%, has been exacerbated by the drastic increase in synthetic chemical pesticides, amounting to some 500,000 tonnes per year globally per active ingredient. This phenomenon, coupled with crop intensification and the prevalence of monoculture, has resulted in a depletion of biodiversity and increasing resistance to insect pests. Despite their initial efficacy, the continued use of chemical pesticides has led to an increase in the need for higher doses and the use of more toxic products, negatively impacting the environment and human health. In response to these challenges, the main objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of Monnina phillyreoides extracts for controlling Drosophila immigrans as an alternative to chemical insecticides. The methodology included collecting Monnina phillyreoides samples, their botanical identification in the UTCEC Herbarium, and preparing extracts by maceration. Phytochemical analysis identified active compounds such as saponins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, and oils or fats, ruling out the presence of charcones and quinones. Laboratory tests showed that different concentrations of extracts applied to Drosophila immigrans significantly affected the control of these pests. The six cc concentration of extract showed the best results in terms of efficacy. These results suggest that Monnina phillyreoides have great potential as a bioinsecticide, offering a more sustainable alternative to conventional chemical insecticides. Further research under field conditions is recommended to validate these findings and explore their practical applicability in agriculture.
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    “Evaluación de tres concentraciones de extracto de Phytolacca bogotensis como controlador de Drosophila Immigrans en el laboratorio de la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Latacunga 2024”
    (Ecuador : Latacunga : Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Tapia Tarco, Aracelly Fernanda; Cuadrado Barreto, Geraldo Ariolfo
    The project entitled 'Evaluation of three concentrations of Phytolacca bogotensis extract as a controller of Drosophila immigrans in the laboratory of the Technical University of Cotopaxi, Latacunga 2024' aims to evaluate the efficacy of Phytolacca bogotensis extract as a natural insecticide, in response to the growing problem of the excessive use of chemical pesticides in agriculture. This intensive use generates negative impacts on human health and the environment, which is especially critical in Latin America. The study began with obtaining permission from the Ministry of Environment to collect samples of Phytolacca bogotensis, which were identified and cataloged in the herbarium of the Technical University of Cotopaxi. Detailed botanical identification revealed the distinctive characteristics of the plant, including differences in leaves, flowers, stems, and fruits compared to other species of the genus Phytolacca. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extract showed the presence of active compounds such as saponins, terpenes, phenols, and flavonoids and the absence of alkaloids, charcons, quinones, fats, and oils. In the experimental phase, different concentrations of the extract were applied to Drosophila immigrans under controlled laboratory conditions. Tukey's 5% test showed that the T3 treatment (6cc) was the most effective, achieving 45% mortality at 24 hours and 55% at 48 hours. However, the efficacy of the treatment decreased at 72 hours, possibly due to biological or environmental factors affecting the activity of the extract. The results obtained not only validate the potential of Phytolacca bogotensis as an effective natural insecticide but also provide a viable and sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides, thus promoting more environmentally friendly agricultural practices and contributing to the development of safer and environmentally friendly pest control methods.