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Evaluación de trichoderma spp. nativo y comercial a diferentes concentraciones en las propiedades químicas del suelo, cultivo de lechuga (lactuca sativa l.) variedad batavia; en la terraza del campus Salache - Cotopaxi, 2023-2024”.
(Ecuador : Latacunga : Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Juncal Yauri, Dennis Alexander; Castillo de la Guerra, Clever Gilberto
The present research project was carried out on the terrace of the Salache campus of the Technical University of Cotopaxi. With the purpose of evaluating the effect of two strains of Trichoderma spp. (native and commercial) at different concentrations in the chemical properties of the soil and identify the best concentration in the behavior of the lettuce crop (Lactuca sativa L.) batavia variety. For the laboratory replication work of Trichoderma spp, the methodology of (Troya 2014) and for the determination of concentrations (Velez 1997). The design used was a completely randomized block design (DBCA); with six treatments plus a control with three repetitions, the factors under study were Trichoderma spp, (native and commercial) and three concentrations 10-6,10-8,10-10; resulting in 21 experimental units. The variables to be evaluated were the chemical properties of the soil (macronutrients and micronutrients); plant height (cm); number of leaves; leaf width (cm); leaf length (cm) and harvest yield (kg). InfoStat software was used for statistical analysis. The results obtained for the variable chemical properties of the soil: pH of 9.56 at the beginning and at the end of the application of Trichoderma spp, decreases to 9.47 being an alkaline soil, Organic Matter rose from 0.29 to 0.70 % being considered low levels and the other elements behaved stable except for nitrogen, which dropped from 64 ppm to 28.94 ppm as a result of crop consumption. The results obtained in the plant response, the T6 treatment (Trichoderma commercial concentration 10-10) gave better results in; The variable plant height with 7.86 cm; sheet number with 11.03; for the variable width of leaves with 6.68 cm; for the variable leaf length with 6.48 cm and for the variable yield at harvest with 5.16 kg/m2. It is established that the best concentration of commercial Trichoderma was the concentration 10-10 because it is a biostimulant that helps the assimilation of nutrients.
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“Evaluación de la producción de plántulas de brócoli en dos variedades de (whalman 29 y green sprouting calabrese) con la aplicación de tres trichodermas comerciales en la pilonera del GAD Municipal de Mejía.”
(Ecuador : Latacunga : Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Guanopatin Amaguaña, Joan Nicolás; Jiménez Jacome, Cristian Santiago
The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of broccoli seedlings of two varieties (Whalman 29 and Green Sprouting Calabrese) through the application of three commercial Trichodermas in the pylon of the GAD Municipal de Mejía. The problem posed was the deficient rooting in broccoli production, which affects its productivity and sustainability. The methodology used was mixed, combining a field experimental design with qualitative observations. Thirty-two experimental units were used with a randomized complete block design and 4x2 factorial arrangement, including three commercial Trichodermas, a control and two broccoli varieties. Variables such as germination percentage, height, root volume and diameter, and number of leaves were evaluated. The main results indicated that the Whalman 29 variety and the commercial Trichoderma Trichobe showed the best seedling production, with improvements in height, number of leaves and root development. The study concluded that the use of Trichoderma, specifically Trichobe, can be an effective strategy to improve broccoli seedling production, promoting greater growth and disease resistance, which could translate into greater productivity and sustainability of the crop in the region.
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“Evaluación de la respiración del suelo, con la utilización de dos métodos de determinación (Solvita y KOH) de cinco sistemas productivos en tres sectores de la Provincia de Cotopaxi”
(Ecuador : Latacunga : Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Mangui Ichina, Jessica Anabel; Chasi Vizuete, Wilman Paolo
Soil respiration is a process through which the soil exchanges gases with the atmosphere, through this respiration, the soil releases carbon dioxide (CO2) and consumes oxygen (O2) for the decomposition of organic matter, this process is crucial for the health of soil ecosystems.The present research was carried out in the of Salache, Isinche and Carrillos localities in the Cotopaxi province, with the objective of evaluating soil respiration in five production systems (traditional, agroecological, conventional, degraded and natural), for which two methods of determination were used Test de Solvita® and Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) taking into account that this parameter reflects biological activity, also involves the production of carbon dioxide and the decomposition of organic matter. For the determination using the Solvita Test, 30 g of each prepared soil sample was use, the gel changes color in the presence of CO2, allowing for a visual estimate that is compared with a colorimetric scale, to stablised the Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) was used 20 g of each soil mixed with ddH2O so prepare a solution 0.05M KOH and was determined the CO2 released by the soil is absorbed by the KOH, forming potassium carbonate (K2CO3), which is then used for comparing the results of both methods. From the results obtained in the Salache area, the (natural) system is evidenced with a ratio of 11,67mg CO2/ sample, giving a high mid-range while the (traditional) system has 9.84 mg CO2/simple with an ideal range, while in the Isinche area of Infantes it is evident that the systems (degraded and traditional ) is 7,44 mg CO2/sample, while that incubation of KOH the system (natural) has a value of 9,36 mg CO2/sample and in the Carrillos area shows that the (degraded and traditional) system is the 18,23 mg CO2/sample, and the incubation KOH the system (conventional) is 9.70 mg CO2/sample. The two methods usedare valid for measuring soil respiration, and the levels obtained can be considered indicative of the soil health of the production systems.
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“Evaluación de enmiendas orgánicas (eco abonaza, bio compost, estiércol de cuy); a diferentes dosis en el cultivo de lechuga crespa (lactuca sativa l.): en la terraza del campus salache – latacunga, 2024”.
(Ecuador : Latacunga : Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Caisaluisa Añarumba, Katerine Johana; Castillo De La Guerra, Clever Gilberto
This research project aimed to evaluate the effect of organic amendments on the agronomic variables of curly lettuce cultivation. The research was conducted on the bench terrace of the Salache campus at the Technical University of Cotopaxi in the Latacunga canton, Cotopaxi province, Ecuador. Three organic amendments (ECO fertilizer, bio compost, and guinea pig manure) were evaluated at different doses (5 t/ha, 10 t/ha, and 15 t/ha) compared to a control treatment in the curly lettuce cultivation (Lactuca sativa L.). The treatments were distributed under a random complete block design (DBCA), in factorial arrangement AxB+1 evaluating different agronomic variables during the 70 days of the research. The best results were obtained when applying the high dose of 15 Tn/ha eco-fertilizer, recording an uptake percentage of 98.22%, on day 60 the height of the plant obtained an average of 14.47 cm, the number of leaves/plant obtained an average of 23 units, the leaf width obtained an average of 13.82 cm, at 70 days the weight per plant reached an average of 289.53 g and the experimental weight/unit of 21.30 kg per experimental unit, giving us a result of 31.5 Tn/ha, obtaining an economic benefit of $0.90 for every dollar invested. Therefore, it is recommended to use the eco fertiliser in applications of 15 t/ha, in the fertilization of the lettuce crop, as it significantly exceeded the other treatments, recording the highest averages in the agronomic parameters, Improving soil fertility and water retention.
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“Evaluación de tres especies forrajeras con cuatro diferentes dosis de ácidos húmicos y fúlvicos (MAQUITA HUMIC), en la estrategia CIAL'S. En la parroquia Chugchilán, cantón Sigchos, Cotopaxi. 2023-2024”
(Ecuador : Latacunga : Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Toalombo Mullo, Alex Mauricio; López Castillo, Guadalupe de las Mercedes
This research was conducted in the Guayama San Pedro Community, Chugchilán Parish, Sigchos Canton, Cotopaxi Province. In order to evaluate three forage species: Blue Grass (Dactylis glomerata), Rye Grass (Lolium perenne) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ), with the application of 4 different doses of humic and fulvic acids: D1 (2.5ml/l), D2 (5ml/l), D3 (7.5 ml/l), D4 (no application) every 15 days, the methodology to be followed is a completely randomized block design (DBCA) with factorial arrangement (A*B), 12 treatments and 3 replications giving a total of 36 experimental units; The 5% Tukey test was performed to determine the best dose D1 (2.5 ml/l), D2 (5ml/l), D3 (7.5 ml/l), D4 (without application) and the best species: Bluegrass, Rye Grass and Alfalfa; based on the variables to be evaluated, plant height, stem diameter, number of tillers per plant, biomass production, dry matter percentage and ash percentage. As results the best dose was dose 2 (5ml/l) with an average forage production of 0.5 kg/m², on the other hand, the best treatment with the highest biomass production was T6 (Rye grass with dose 2) with an average of 1.25 kg/m², as for the percentage of ash was dose 3 (7, 5ml/l) with an average of 13.89% demonstrating the forage quality of the species, as for the economic analysis of each treatment, it was observed that the treatment 6 (Rye grass with dose 2) had a cost of $ 18.67 and had an income of $ 24.84; the treatment that should be used is Rye grass with 5 ml/l of humic and fulvic acids (T6) since the agronomic and yield response is adequate for farmers.