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“Lectura de webcómics y autovaloración de la ortografía acentual”
(Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC). Pujilií. Pedagogía de la Lengua y Literatura, 2026-10-20) Pastuña Toaquiza, Jessica Estefania; Tapia Guano, Jenny Mabel; Correa Canteral, Nelly Narcisa
At school, accent marks are often taught through rules and exercises separated from actual reading and writing situations. This study analyzed changes in students’ self-assessment of practices related to accentual spelling before and after a guided webcomic-reading sequence. The participants were all 14 fifth-grade Basic General Education students from class A at Lenin School during the 2025-2026 school year. The study followed a quantitative approach, was framed within the post-positivist paradigm, and used a one-group pre-experimental pretest-posttest design. A 12-item Likert questionnaire was administered and organized into two dimensions: webcomic reading and accentual spelling. Its content was reviewed by three expert teachers with master’s degrees who were affiliated with the Language and Literature Education program at the Technical University of Cotopaxi. In the pretest, the instrument reached an internal consistency of α = 0.814. The classroom experience took place over three consecutive days, from June 8 to June 10, 2026. Activities combined panel reading, identification of stressed syllables, word classification, and revision of short written texts. The total mean increased from 29.50 to 40.36 points, while favorable results rose from 21.4% to 100%. The difference was statistically significant, t(13) = 5.791, p < .001, and showed a large effect size (dz = 1.548). In this group, the sequence was accompanied by a more favorable self-assessment of the practices examined. The finding should be interpreted cautiously: the questionnaire measured perceptions, and the design did not include a comparison group. Therefore, it does not demonstrate an objective reduction in accentuation errors or allow the change to be attributed solely to webcomic use
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Evaluación de criterios de eficiencia energética en la empresa importadora ferretero Chimg
(Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC). Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Aplicadas. Electricidad, 2026-10-14) Chisag Chisag, Julio Aurelio; Vásquez Teneda, Franklin Hernán
The purpose of this research project is to evaluate the criteria for electrical energy efficiency at the company Importadora Mega Ferretero Chimg, located in the city of Ambato, Tungurahua province. Subsequently, an energy quality analysis is proposed of determining the main electrical parameters during a specified monitoring period, using the criteria established in Regulation ARCONEL009/2024 as a reference.
Furthermore, this paper aims to identify possible disturbances present in the company's electrical system, and assess the overall condition of the equipment, and detect potential points of failure that could affect the reliability and energy performance of the installation. To achieve this objective, the use of a high-precision Fluke 435-II power quality analyzer is considered to record key variables such as voltage, current, active, reactive, and apparent power, power factor, harmonic distortion, flicker, and voltage imbalance. Ultimately, it is established that the obtained results will serve as a basis to assess the energy condition of the installation, and design a technical proposal aimed at implementing an energy management model based on the ISO 50001: 2018 Standard, in order to improve energy efficiency, optimize consumption, enhance electrical system reliability, and promote sustainability of the facilities of the company Importadora Mega Ferretero Chimg
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Implementación de un módulo de protecciones de sobrecorriente mediante el uso del relé sel 351 para el laboratorio de protecciones eléctricas de la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi
(Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC). Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Aplicadas. Electricidad, 2026-10-14) Cuenca Morales, Wilmer Rene; Freire Freire, Armando Salvador
The primary objective of the technological proposal was to implement an overcurrent protection module using SEL-351 relay for laboratory protection at Technical University of Cotopaxi. The methodology involved applied research, based on documentary, technical, and experimental procedures; regulatory criteria and the fundamentals of ANSI 50 and ANSI 51 functions were reviewed; a nine-bus electrical system was modeled in DIgSILENT PowerFactory; load currents and CT transformation ratios were analyzed; and finally, the settings were configured and transferred to the relay using ACSELERATOR QuickSet. The results determined normal currents of 339 A, 235 A, and 260 A for loads A, B, and C. For ANSI 51, secondary settings of 5.50 A, 5.09 A, and 5.67 A were established, with margins of 29.79%, 29.96%, and 30.85% relative to normal operation, using U3-U.S. Very Inverse Tpset characteristic of 0.50. For ANSI 50, secondary settings of 28.20 A, 35.76 A, and 40.91 A were configured, with a Tset of 0.00 s. Serial communication with SEL-351 was established using ACSELERATOR QuickSet, allowing Group 1 to be read, edited, and transferred. It was concluded that the developed parameterization adequately distinguishes between normal operation, time-delayed operation, and high-current operation, and links the results obtained in PowerFactory with the relay physical configuration, providing a technical tool for electrical protection practices. Furthermore, the module enhances practical training in configuration and analysis of digital protection systems Keywords: Protection settings, ANSI 50/51, electrical loads, SEL-351 relay, overcurrent.
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Optimización en tiempos de operación en la coordinación del Relé 51
(Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC). Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Aplicads. Electricidad, 2026-10-14) Portilla Mora, Javier Alejandro; Solórzano Sánchez, Erick Elian; Proaño Maldonado, Xavier Alfonso
In the present paper, the optimization of operating times of the 50/51 relay in a radial system was carried out using a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model within a Python–DIgSILENT PowerFactory co-simulation environment, which enabled the automation of the coordination. The Python algorithm extracted the topology, load currents, and short circuits. The linearization of the curves along with the HiGHS solver allowed minimizing the time dial settings while maintaining the required coordination time margin. The model dynamically assigned Overload Factors, examined the instantaneous unit 50 to avoid overreach, and accounted for faults involving Delta-Star connected transformers. The methodology was validated in the CIGRE MV and IEEE 33-bus systems equipped with ABB Relion REF615 and Siemens SIPROTEC 7SJ62 relays respectively, using the IEC Normal Inverse curve and the ANSI Normally Inverse curve, where the results showed selectivity in all coordination pairs for an established discrimination margin. In the comparative analysis of the results between the curves, a 34.05% reduction in the sum of operating times was evidenced in the ANSI curve compared to the IEC curve due to the characteristics of each of them.
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Evaluación técnica de la calidad de la energía eléctrica en los puntos de acoplamiento común (pac) de la red de baja tensión de la empresa Induacero cía. Ltda
(Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC). Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Aplicadas. Electricidad, 2026-10-14) Chariguaman Chiliquinga, Widynson Joel; Proaño Maldonado, Xavier Alfonso
The objective of this research was to evaluate the power quality at the Points of Common Coupling (PCCs) of the low-voltage network of the main plant of INDUACERO Cía. Ltda., through the measurement and analysis of the main electrical parameters established by the applicable technical standards. To achieve this, information on the electrical system was collected, the installed loads were characterized, and a seven-day continuous monitoring period was conducted at the main switchboards associated with the 75 kVA and 45 kVA transformers using a Fluke 435-II power quality analyzer. Additionally, a computational model was developed in ETAP to complement the analysis of the operating conditions observed in the field. The evaluation included parameters such as voltage level, voltage and current unbalance, harmonic distortion, power factor, flicker, and grounding system condition. The results showed that voltage levels, harmonic distortion, power factor, and flicker complied with the limits established by the applicable regulations. However, elevated neutral-to-ground voltage levels were identified at both PCCs, inadequate performance of the existing grounding system, significant current unbalance at PCC-A, and recurrent transformer overload conditions at PCC-B. Based on the findings obtained, technical solutions were proposed focusing on the redesign of the grounding system and the redistribution of loads to reduce the overloading of the 45 kVA transformer. The results provide a technical basis for decision-making aimed at improving the operating conditions, electrical safety, and reliability of the plant's electrical system