Tesis - Ingeniería en Agronomía

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    “Evaluación agronómica de alfalfa (medicago sativa), achira (canna indica), y sigse (cortasderia nitida) para mejoramiento de suelos de la junta de riego Tiliche San José del cantón Latacunga provincia de Cotopaxi 2024”
    (Ecuador : Latacunga : Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Chicaiza Guanoquiza, Edison Stalin; Chuquimarca Vasco, Tania Lizeth; Ilbay Yupa Mercy Lucila
    Arsenic contamination of irrigation water affects the health of agricultural soils. In this research, alfalfa (Medicago sativa), achira (Canna indica), and sigse (Cortasderia nitida) were evaluated agronomically for soil improvement in the Tiliche San José irrigation board in the canton of Latacunga, Cotopaxi province 2024. The following study is to evaluate soil fertility and arsenic concentration in three species of alfalfa, achira and sigse as phytoremediation, the process of the study is based on a systematic soil sampling using a zigzag design to ensure a representative coverage of an area of 64m2. A completely randomized experimental design with three species and three replicates was implemented to evaluate the growth and arsenic uptake capacity of the species. In addition, plant parts (root, stem and leaves) were sampled to evaluate the efficacy of the species in phytoremediation of contaminated soils. Soil analysis revealed good conditions in high terms P 69.0 ppm, K 0.7 meq/100g, Ca 10.3 meq/100g and Mg 3.4 meq/100g, in medium terms Cu 4.0 ppm and in low terms total N 0.32%, Mn 3.0 ppm, M.O. 3.0%. The soil pH 7.6 is slightly alkaline. The arsenic concentration in each of the treatments increased significantly from April to July in T1 0.88 mg As/kg, T2 0.98 mg As/kg and T3 0.76 mg As/kg. Significant differences in plant growth indicated that arsenic concentration had a differential impact on the development of each species, with alfalfa showing the greatest growth. In the analysis of VARIANCE, no significant differences were found between treatments, i.e. all species have a similar capacity to adapt in this initial period. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) showed remarkable growth, reaching heights of up to 90 cm under arsenic concentration conditions. It proved to be the species with the highest phytoremediation capacity, accumulating three times more in the aerial part than in the root. The research concludes that alfalfa is the most effective species in the phytoremediation of As-contaminated soils, showing a remarkable capacity for adaptation and absorption to improve soil quality in the community of Tiliche San José.