Tesis - Gestión Ambiental
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- ItemDesarrollo de indicadores de sostenibilidad ambiental como estrategia de protección y recuperación del páramo San Isidro, Cantón Pujilí, Provincia de Cotopaxi(Ecuador: Cotopaxi: Latacunga: Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Mena Pástor, Johny Adrián; Cajas Cayo, Isaac EduardoThe project focuses on the development of environmental sustainability indicators as a protection and recovery strategy for the San Isidro páramo in Pujilí Canton, Cotopaxi Province. The main objective of this project was to develop environmental sustainability indicators as a protection and recovery strategy for the San Isidro páramo, Pujilí Canton. Specific objectives included the diagnosis of the current state of the páramo, the development of a local model using the PER (Pressure, State, Response) methodology, and the generation of environmental sustainability indicators. The methodology employed combined qualitative techniques, including the use of geospatial technologies such as the Global Positioning System and Geographic Information Systems for the collection and spatial analysis of environmental and socioeconomic data. A participatory approach was applied, integrating the perspective of the local community in the development of indicators. The results revealed a significant interdependence between the ecological health of the páramo and the socioeconomic well-being of the surrounding communities. The twenty-four proposed sustainability indicators reflect this relationship, covering aspects such as water quality, vegetation cover, biodiversity and changes in land use. The project highlights the usefulness of environmental sustainability indicators in effectively monitoring the ecological health of the San Isidro páramo and in promoting informed environmental management. The adoption of these indicators by the Prefecture of Cotopaxi and the GAD of Pujilí is recommended, in order to integrate them into their conservation policies and practices, ensuring a holistic and effective approach to environmental sustainability. This initiative represents a significant step towards the long-term conservation of one of the most valuable and vulnerable ecosystems, providing a replicable model for other protected areas in Ecuador and in the Andean region. The implementation of the indicators will allow local authorities and stakeholders to have a clearer and more quantifiable understanding of the impacts of human activities on the páramo ecosystem, favoring evidence-based decision-making for its management and restoration.
- ItemRepotenciación de la Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales del Hospital General Provincial Latacunga(Ecuador: Latacunga: UNiversidad Técnica de Cotopaxi: (UTC), 2024-08) Claudio Quimbita Edwin Ramiro; Lara Landázuri Renán ArturoThe present project, titled "Repowering of Wastewater Treatment Plant of Hospital Provincial General Latacunga", aims to optimize the treatment plant's process to ensure wastewater emissions comply with defined standards by Ecuadorian environmental regulations (agreement 097). This focus on preserving local ecosystem and improving treated water quality. Regarding the methodology used, a field research approach combined with laboratory experimentation was implemented. Analyses of both quantity and quality of the water at entry and exit of treatment plant were conducted. Two main variables were quantified: the water amount and its quality, to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment processes. The study found that, before corrective maintenance, several water quality parameters exceeded the Maximum Permissible Limits, indicating the need of optimization. After implementing improvements, the analyses showed a significant enhancement in treated water quality. The levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and other contaminants were reduced, meeting environmental standards. It was concluded that the repowering of the plant allowed more efficient treatment, contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals regarding water management and sanitation. The thesis highlights the importance of continuous technical adjustments and rigorous monitoring of the plant to maintain and improve treatment quality, recommending the inclusion of a specialist dedicated to monitoring, to guarantee optimization and useful life of the Plant
- ItemGestión de la calidad del agua superficial en la microcuenca del río Illuchi empleando la metodología de análisis de ciclo de vida corto(Ecuador: Latacunga; Universidad Técnica e Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Sailema Jiménez, Diana Maricela; Donoso Quimbita, Caterine IsabelThe objective of this study was to propose a methodology for the selection of physical and chemical parameters for the delimitation of quality monitoring plans for the Illuchi River surface water. For this purpose, a situational diagnosis was initially carried out to determine the quality of the water resource, collecting and organizing information from the monitoring campaigns belonging to the GAD Latacunga, where a total of 28 sampling points and 1,716 data corresponding to 22 parameters were delimited. Next, the maximum limits allowed for each of the physical and chemical parameters, called "inputs" in the short life cycle analysis (ACVC) methodology, were identified. For this, two sources were considered, the first based on the INEN 1108 Standard and the second as established by ANNEX I of Book VI of TULSMA according to Ministerial Agreement 097-A. Then, the environmental impacts, scales, affected categories, characterization factors and determination of the Environmental Impact Units (EIU) were delimited, with the most relevant parameters being: color (61.81%), turbidity (19.28%) and iron concentration (13.97%). Finally, the prioritization of parameters was feasible, achieving a 57.14% reduction in monitoring costs, enhancing the evaluation of the quality of the water resource and promoting at the same time a methodology that enables the efficient design of environmental monitoring plans. Based on the above, it is concluded that by identifying critical factors it is possible to contribute to the environmental management of the Illuchi River and other basins of environmental importance.
- Item“Caracterización y tratamiento de lodos en las lagunas de oxidación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales del cantón La Maná, para la gestión sostenible. 2023.”(Ecuador : Latacunga : Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024) Ibañez Esquivel, Gabriela Maritza; Ágreda Oña, José LuisSludge from oxidation lagoons, in this case from La Maná, has become the main concern in the comprehensive management of wastewater treatment due to its high per capita production. The objective of this study was to characterize the sludge from aerobic oxidation to establish an ideal drying process and finally the revaluation of it through biochar. The methodology used for the study was to perform analyses of pathogens, chemical demand of oxygen, chromium, arsenic and mercury in a random sampling system in the different parts of the oxidation lagoon to obtain representative data, in addition to that it was established through design criteria that the best option for drying the sludge, and finally using the sludge as organic matter, biochar was produced and its efficiency in the filtration of water with mercury as an environmentally sustainable option to revalue this waste from the wastewater treatment. As results it was established that the ideal drying beds must be covered by the climatic conditions of the area, having a capacity of 35 lb/year in one square meter and complementing with a useful area of 1040 m2, the analytical march showed that the filtration eliminates the presence of heavy metals, in this case mercury.
- Item“Efectos del cambio climático sobre la seguridad alimentaria en el barrio San Francisco de Mariscal, cantón Mejía, provincia de Pichincha, 2023”(Ecuador : Latacunga : Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024) Guachamín Alvear, María Augusta; Daza Guerra, Oscar ReneThis research project focused on a literature review to show the impacts generated by climate change on the food security of various producing families in the San Francisco de Mariscal neighborhood, within the micro-basin of the Jambelí River. The characterization of the study area allowed to determine the current socio-environmental situation, with the application of the QGIS software tool. It worked with the four main components of food security, established by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO): availability, access, use and stability. Food security in this context highlights the need to address climate change holistically to ensure a dignified future. It is worth mentioning the various climatic changes that occurred in the period analyzed, which corresponds to the years 2003-2013, mainly temperature and precipitation, with the collection of meteorological data provided by the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (INHAMI). Therefore, knowing the weaknesses and threats of the climate is of great importance to make correct decisions in the agricultural sector in the face of various climatic variants. On the other hand, establishing strategies that promote resilience, adaptation, and sustainability are crucial to mitigating impacts. negative effects of climate change on food security. Effective implementation of these strategies requires a combination of financial resources, government support, community engagement, and continuing education. In addition, it is essential to adapt these strategies to the specific conditions of the San Francisco de Mariscal neighborhood, considering its geography, climate, and available resources, to maximize their effectiveness.