Caracterización fitoquímica y evaluación del potencial remediador de ¨lupinus mutabilis sweet¨ frente a contaminantes metálicos en soluciones acuosas en Quisinche –Cotopaxi
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Date
2026-10-19
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Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC). Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales. Ambiental
Abstract
This research evaluated the remediation potential of Lupinus mutabilis Sweet for Fe³⁺ removal from aqueous solutions through phytochemical characterization and biochar production. The objective was to identify secondary metabolites in leaves, stems, roots, and fruits; produce biochar from leaves and fruits; and analyze the influence of precursor material, pyrolysis temperature, and contact time on Fe³⁺ reduction. The study followed a quantitative, experimental, applied, and comparative approach. The biomass collected in Quisinche Bajo–Joseguango Bajo, Cotopaxi, was conditioned and subjected to colorimetric phytochemical tests, evaluated using a semi-quantitative scale ranging from 0 to 5. For biochar production, leaves and fruits were carbonized at 350, 400, and 450 °C for 15 minutes. The six resulting materials were evaluated using a nominal 100 ppm Fe³⁺ solution at contact times of 0, 10, 30, and 60 minutes. Residual iron concentration was determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Phytochemical results showed the highest intensity of tannins in leaves (5), saponins in leaves and stems (4), alkaloids in fruits (3), and steroids/triterpenes in fruits (3), whereas quinones and anthraquinones were not detected. Biochar assays showed variations in residual Fe³⁺ concentration depending on the precursor material, pyrolysis temperature, and contact time. It was concluded that Lupinus mutabilis Sweet exhibits a differentiated phytochemical composition among its plant organs and that biochar production and application conditions influence its behavior toward Fe³⁺. The interpretation of removal efficiency should be limited to measurements within the valid calibration range and should consider the effect of pH on iron speciation. These findings provide an experimental basis for assessing this plant biomass as a precursor for carbonaceous materials applicable to water treatment.
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Biomasa vegetal, Adsorción, Pirólisis
Citation
Ramos Tituaña, J. A. (2026). Caracterización fitoquímica y evaluación del potencial remediador de ¨lupinus mutabilis sweet¨ frente a contaminantes metálicos en soluciones acuosas en Quisinche –Cotopaxi. [Tesis de ingeniería, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi]