Artículos - Ingeniería en Agronomía
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- ItemProducción de dos variedades de haba (Phaseolus lunatus), asociado con café robusta (Coffea canephora), en la parroquia Guasaganda(Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC). La Maná. Agronomía, 2026-11-11) Masabanda Guamán, Myriam Alexandra; Ninabanda Ninabanda, Alex Fernando; Luna Murillo, Ricardo AugustoEvaluate the agronomic response of two varieties of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.), pallar and habichuela, established in association with robusta coffee (Coffea canephora), to determine their compatibility and potential as a companion crop in an agroforestry system in the Guasaganda parish, Ecuador. Methodology: A randomized complete block design with six replications was employed; the varieties were planted in the alleys of the coffee plantation, and growth, production, and leaf analysis variables of the lima bean were measured, as well as the vegetative development of three coffee clones, without the application of fertilizers or supplemental irrigation. Results: The pallar variety reached the greatest height (260.96 cm), while the habichuela produced the highest number of pods (99.83 per plant); however, the accumulated yield did not show statistically significant differences between varieties (p > 0.05), although the habichuela numerically doubled the pallar (1.47 vs. 0.75 kg). The foliar analysis revealed higher concentrations of macro and micronutrients in the pallar, except for boron, which was higher in the habichuela. The coffee maintained adequate vegetative development, with greater branching in the EET 365611 clone. Conclusions: The temporal association proved compatible and did not generate aggressive competition for resources, which supports its use as an agroecological strategy; however, it is recommended to conduct future studies with a control group (coffee without fava bean) to accurately quantify the impact on coffee growth and yield, as well as to evaluate the effect of incorporating forage as green manure on long-term soil fertility.
- ItemRespuesta agronómica de Canavalia ensiformis en las condiciones Edafoclimáticas de Guasaganda(Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC). La Maná. Agronomía, 2026-11-06) Pico Decker, Julio Cesar; Luna Murillo, Ricardo AugustoCanavalia ensiformisis a tropical legume with potential for ground cover, biomass production, and soil restoration; however, its agronomic performance has been scarcely documented in Guasaganda, Ecuador. This study aimed to characterize its growth, yield, variability, and adaptation potential under local edaphoclimatic conditions through descriptive analysis. A nursery was established with 200 seeds, resulting in 75% emergence. Subsequently, 50 plants were evaluated for height and number of branches and leaves at 30, 60, and 90 days; flowering time; pod dimensions and weight; seed number and weight; and total production. Mean plant height increased from 41.56 to 149.18 cm between 30 and 90 days, whereas branches increased from 2.97 to 14.97 and leaves from 6.64 to 47.02. Flowering occurred at 96.29 ± 13.56 days. Pods averaged 25.81 cm in length and 24.37 g in weight, with 9.65 seeds per pod. Mean total production was 81.18 g for pods and 34.74 g for seeds. Vegetative traits exhibited low-to-moderate variabilit, whereas yield components showed substantial heterogeneity. These findings indicate favorable establishment and potential local adaptation, although productivity may benefit from management practices aimed at reducing plant-to-plant variation.
- ItemPropagación vegetativa de café (Coffea arabica) mediante esquejes nodales con diferentes tipos de hormonas y sustratos en el cantón La Maná(Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC). La Maná. Agronomía, 2026-11-06) Cedeño Chavarría, Jesús Vicente; Quinatoa Lozada, Eduardo FabiánThe vegetative propagation of (Coffea arabica L.) constitutes an alternative for the renewal of coffee plantations through the acquisition of homogeneous plant material with desirable agronomic characteristics. Objective: To evaluate the effect of different growth regulators and substrates on the rooting, mortality, and initial growth of nodal cuttings of Coffea arabica L., as an alternative to strengthen the vegetative propagation processes of the crop. Methodology: The study was conducted under nursery conditions in La Maná, Cotopaxi, Ecuador, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and five replications. Nodal cuttings were evaluated under combinations of two substrates (sand and agricultural soil), two growth regulators (indole-3-butyric acid [IBA] and naphthaleneacetic acid [NAA]), and control treatments without hormonal application. Variables of mortality, days to rooting, vegetative growth, and root development were analyzed. Results: The application of IBA in sand substrate favored adventitious root formation, recording the shortest rooting time (27 days), the largest root volume (1.4 cm³), and the greatest vegetative growth (41.1 cm in height and up to 11.3 shoots). In contrast, the treatment with NAA showed the highest mortality, reaching up to 95% in sand substrate, while the treatments without hormonal application exhibited lower rooting speed and vegetative development. Conclusions: The combination of sand and IBA improved the initial establishment of C. arabica cuttings, highlighting the importance of the interaction between growth regulators and the physical properties of the substrate to optimize the vegetative propagation of the crop.
- ItemBiomasa de Mucuna pruriens y tithonia diversifolia sobre el rendimiento de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) y propiedades edáficas(Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC). La Maná. Agronomía, 2026-11-04) Rodríguez Fernández, Anthony Ariel; Macias Pettao, Ramón KleverThe agronomic response of EET-103 and EETP-801 cacao clones to the incorporation of fresh Mucuna pruriens and Tithonia diversifolia biomass was evaluated at the Sacha Wiwa Experimental Center, La Maná, Ecuador. A randomized complete block design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement was used: two clones and three management conditions— mucuna, Mexican sunflower, and a control without green manure—with four replicates. Plant height, stem diameter, and cumulative numbers of healthy and diseased pods were recorded over 120 days; soil chemical properties were characterized at the end of the trial. EETP-801 with mucuna reached the highest plant height (207.36 cm), stem diameter (71.38 mm), and healthy pod count (449). Among combinations with complete disease data, estimated diseased-pod incidence ranged from 11.96% for EETP-801 with mucuna to 21.31% for EET-103 with mucuna. At the end of the trial, soil pH remained acidic (4.7–4.9), while organic matter ranged from 3.0 to 3.8%, phosphorus from 2 to 6 mg kg⁻¹, and potassium from 0.08 to 0.15 meq 100 mL⁻¹. The results indicate a favorable vegetative and productive response, particularly for EETP-801 with mucuna, and provide a local reference for green-manure management in cacao.
- ItemEvaluación de dos tipos de injertos de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) utilizando varetas con diferentes números de yemas(Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC). La Maná. Agronomía, 2026-11-04) Mendez Sanchez, Yosselin Yomara; Yarlequé Peralta, Raúl Alexander; Quinatoa Lozada, Eduardo FabiánVegetative propagation through grafting constitutes a fundamental strategy for the clonal multiplication of elite cacao materials (Theobroma cacao L.), allowing the preservation of superior genetic characteristics and improving the uniformity of commercial plantations. Objective:The study evaluated the effect of two types of grafting (lateral and terminal) combined with one-bud and three-bud scions on the percentage of take and the initial growth of cacao plants (Theobroma cacao L.)under nursery conditions, with the aim of optimizing the use of clonal material and improving the efficiency of propagation processes. Methodology:The research was conducted in the La Libertad sector of the La Maná canton, using a completely randomized block design consisting of four treatments and five repetitions. The days to rooting, rooting percentage, shoot height, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), and number of leaves per shoot were evaluated; the data were subjected to analysis of variance and mean comparison using the Tukey test at a 5% significance level. Results:Significant statistical differences were identified between the treatments (p < 0.05). The lateral graft with one bud showed the shortest rooting time (3 days), while the treatments with lateral grafts of one and three buds and terminal grafts of one bud achieved 100% rooting. The terminal graft with one bud recorded the highest shoot height (9.65 cm), while the terminal graft with three buds showed the highest chlorophyll content (26.2 SPAD). Conclusions: The use of scions with one bud showed advantages in the establishment and initial development of the grafts, constituting a viable alternative to optimize plant material in cocoa nurseries and contribute to the efficient production of clonal plants.