Tesis - Ingeniería Eletromecánica

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    Repotenciación de una encoladora de libros al calor por medio de control de temperatura.
    (Ecuador: Latacunga: Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Robalino Gruezo, Santiago Salvador; Zambrano Bravo, Cesar Rivaldo; Navarrete Lopez, Luis Miguel
    This technological proposal addresses the refurbishment of a heat-based books binding machine, with the aim to optimize binding process time through the implementation of a thermal control system. The project faced the challenge of comprehensive equipment reconditioning, including the correction of operational deficiencies, automation process, and temperature control. During the project development, an evaluation of the machines initial state was conducted, followed by the design and implementation of a PLC-based control system.This included the integration of cutting-edge components such as RTD Pt100 temperature sensors and an HMI interface, implementing an ON/OFF control algorithm for precise adhesive temperature regulation. Additionally, electrical components were carefully selected and sized. The refurbished binding machine was equipped with thermal control, maintaining the adhesive within its optimal operating range, which resulted in greater consistency in binding quality. Furthermore, the implementation of the HMI interface enhanced the interaction between the operator and the machine, facilitating real-time adjustments and effective process monitoring, thus allowing adaptation to various types of paper and adhesives. This technological innovation optimizes the process, also establishes it a solid foundation for future improvements and adaptations in response to the changing dynamics of the bookbinding industry.
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    Desarrollo de un sistema de monitoreo y control para la transferencia de calor en procesos industriales.
    (Ecuador: Latacunga: Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Iza Jiménez, Ginson Damian; Toapanta Llumipanta, Boris Javier; Corrales Bastidas, Byron Paul
    The necessity of this work arises from the inaccuracies measuring in thermal parameters that allow for an adequate calculation of experimental heat transfer coefficient by convection. A system was implemented that integrates modern technologies such as PLC, HMI, and sensors to precisely regulate thermal parameters. The development of the project began with research on fundamental theory of heat transfer and automation techniques. This research informed the selection of appropriate sensors and actuators for the system, as well as, the programming required to integrate all components coherently and efficiently. Special attention was given to calibration and adjustment of sensors to ensure accurate measurements and proper functioning of actuators in the experimental environment. During the implementation phase, various operational tests were conducted that confirmed systems effectiveness under real conditions. The error analysis of experimental coefficient compared to the theoretical coefficient by Zukauskas showed a discrepancy of approximately 2%, indicating an acceptable precisión level in the system developed and providing a solid foundation for future improvements and applications.
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    Estudio de eficiencia de control pid para motores de 2HP y 5HP aplicado a una carga, controlado mediante un variador de frecuencia.
    (Ecuador: Latacunga: Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Coray Tomalo, Steven Gabriel; Toalombo Agualongo, Wilder Emerson; Navarrete López, Luis Miguel
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of PID control in 2 HP and 5 HP motors applied to a specific load using a frequency inverter. To this end, a literature review included articles, books, and academic studies focused on PID control (Proportional-integral - Derivative) in electric motors. This study made it possible to carry out an analysis focused on comparing the performance of the motors in terms of stability and response to disturbances. The behavior of the motors was evaluated both with and without the implementation of PID control. Since this type of PID control is known to improve the stability and accuracy of motor speed regulation, it was essential to investigate its application on 2 HP and 5 HP motors to justify the additional effort, efficiency, and cost, mainly when used in conjunction with a variable frequency drive. In addition, the characteristic curves of the motors under a load condition were analyzed to determine the most suitable and efficient control configuration in response to the load applied, thus optimizing system performance. Although both motors performed satisfactorily, the 5 HP motor showed better responses under varying loads and a much faster system input. Therefore, it was suggested that the type of work the motors are subjected to be analyzed, as the 5 HP motor proved to be very efficient in jobs with higher and lower load demand
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    Repotenciación del sistema de seguimiento solar con mecanismo de giro azimutal de una estación fotovoltaica de 840 w.
    (Ecuador: Latacunga: Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Robayo Pico, Cristopher Alejandro; Taipe Guanoquiza, Holger Israel; Cruz Panchi, Luis Rolando
    The present technological proposal addresses the evaluation and improvement of the structural system of a single-axis solar tracker. In the initial stage, mechanical and structural failures that affected the operation of the system were identified. Among the mechanical failures were friction wear of components such as bearings and shafts, and among the structural failures, problems in the welds, deformation of the shaft and degradation of materials in the fasteners that affect the stability of the system. To resolve the deformation failures in the shafts and supports, CAD design tools were used to determine the elements to be modified, including the panel supports, distance between columns, and the distance of the connection between the mobile arm and the actuator. In addition, the distance between the support columns was modified to 3 meters, the panel supports were adapted using clamps that are attached to the shaft to allow their mobility, and the linear actuator was updated by increasing its capacity to 3300 pounds. These modifications restored the functionality of the system and also offered greater flexibility for the installation of panels of different dimensions. Through operational tests, it was determined that the changes made to the mechanical system allowed the angular displacement range of the system to be extended from 33° to 51°, increasing the capacity to capture solar energy from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. This time was decided through the analysis of shadows from the buildings near the solar tracker. The reduction of the force required for the displacement to 1044.55 Nm with a load of 150 kg contributes to a more stable operation of the system. These modifications provided greater adaptability of the tracker to any type of solar panel that may be desired to be implemented in the future.
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    Diseño y construcción de un molino de maíz húmedo con un sistema de accionamiento electromecánico compacto.
    (Ecuador: Latacunga: Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Cunalata Chicaiza, Félix Hernán; Manobanda Achachi Jonathan Alexis; Navarrete López, Luis Miguel
    The design of a wet corn mill with a compact electromechanical drive system offers an innovative solution for communities with limited access to conventional energy sources. This mill, capable of processing 8 pounds of corn in 480 seconds, incorporates 1200W and 3000 RPM universal motors, ensuring grinding equal to traditional grinding. Its approach is not only technical but also sustainable, ensuring that the equipment is accessible and environmentally respectful. The versatility of this compact design, together with its ability to operate in remote areas, positions this mill as a valuable tool for optimizing milling processes. By improving local production of corn derivatives efficiently and sustainably, the mill contributes to developing skills at home, encouraging the effective use of regional resources, and supporting self-sufficiency in the transformation of wet corn.