Tesis - Medicina Veterinaria
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- ItemCategorización conductual canina mediante la aplicación del test C-BARQ en el parque náutico La Laguna.(Ecuador: Latacunga: Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC)., 2024-08) González Hurtado, Liseth Marcela; Sánchez Jurado, Stefanny Mishell; Beltrán Romero, Cristian FernandoBehavioral problems in dogs are considered a worldwide problem, as they affect both animal welfare and the general population. Behavioral disorders that are not solved or treated appropriately can lead to unpleasant situations for both animals and citizens, and even to health professionals, so it is necessary to establish a system that minimizes the inconveniences arising from this problem. For this reason, the following study aimed to categorize canines according to the C-BARQ ethological test, in a way that white scarves could be implemented as “Balanced”, orange as “Fearful/Nervous” and black as “Aggressive”, in addition to identify possible factors of predisposition to behavioral problems with the help of the results obtained from the test and finally, to communicate visitors about the categorization system that allows to easily associate the personality of the evaluated dogs to the color of their scarves in public places, and achieve better management in the supervised interactions of the pets. To achieve these objectives, a sample of 204 dogs was selected in la Laguna Nautical Park, evaluating each canine with the ethogram and subsequently classifying them in one of the established categories by placing a scarf on them. The obtained results determined that 33.8% of the animals presented a “Fearful/Nervous” behavior, 24.5% of the evaluated dogs were considered “Aggressive” and 41.7% did not present behavioral problems, it was also determined that there is no association between factors such as age, sex and time shared with the animal regarding to the presence of behavioral problems. This method of categorization contributed to the reduction of social conflicts among owners, as well as among pets, in addition to promoting healthy coexistence and responsible ownership. The study of behavioral problems in dogs not only improved the social aspect, but also reduced environmental and economic problems by preventing conflicts and misunderstandings such as attacks on humans or fights between pets that could transmit diseases. It also helps minimize expenses related to damage to integrity, hospital emergencies and veterinary care, among others.
- ItemAnálisis del índice de selección del programa de mejoramiento genético sostenible de bovinos de leche de la parroquia de Cusubamba, en el periodo de 2023(Ecuador: Latacunga: Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Toapanta Toaquiza, Doris Maribel; Arcos Álvarez, Cristian NeptalíIn the parish of Cusubamba 31.17% of the population is dedicated to the production of Creole dairy cattle, which is a source of income for some of the owners, but the lack of a genetic improvement program in Ecuador does not exist phenotypic and genotypic data for this reason affects the efficiency and effectiveness, which causes the production to be low and does not generate profitability. This research was conducted in the parish of Cusubamba in 21 producers who belonged to the genetic improvement program with 69 cattle. In this research, records were kept of production costs, days of lactation and milk quality by density; in addition, deworming, administration of vitamins and vaccination were carried out. The results obtained from this work were: weight gain would be 152 gr/day, it is estimated that the next generation will reach 227 gr/day and to complete the objective it would take about 5 generations to reach 700 gr/day, in addition 279.5 liters are produced and to measure the quality of milk the average density is 1.027gr/ml, in addition to this insemination was not performed because producers do not know when the cows are in heat. Finally, a cost-benefit analysis was performed, which showed that cattle profitability is very low in milk production, with an income of US$37.34, while production costs US$62.25, which is not enough to cover the cost of producing milk.
- ItemEfecto de la sustitución parcial de harina de plátano (musa × paradisiaca l) y la harina de cascarilla de cacao (theobroma cacao l) en alimentación de pollos de engorde.(Ecuador: Latacunga: Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Achig Andrade, Sidney Natalia; Silva Déley, Lucía MonserrathThis research study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the partial substitution of banana flour and cocoa husk flour in the diet of broiler chickens. Ninety-six Cobb 500-line chickens, 14 days old, were randomly distributed into three treatments with 32 birds each. Six productive variables were evaluated by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's test. Bromatological, microbiological, and physical analysis of the by-products used in this research study were made. The results were acceptable in terms of protein percentages, with 9.05% in cocoa husk flour and 2.41% in banana flour. Microbiological analysis confirmed the absence of pathogens in both by-products, which could not affect the project, with an average particle size of 190 µm and 220 µm for cocoa husk and banana flour, respectively. The research study did not show significant differences in average weight at the end of the methodological phase, although T2 showed the highest average weight of 2487.8 g, with a feed conversion ratio of 1.65, and the lowest weight for T0 at 2292 g in the fourth week. The T2 carcass yield was 72.40%. In terms of profitability, the partial substitution with these by-products resulted in a better cost/benefit ratio, especially in T2, which had a profit of 0.28 cents, followed by T1 with 0.16 cents per dollar, suggesting that the use of these by-products could be the most effective and economical option for poultry producers, thus providing better profitability for small and medium-sized poultry farmers, allowing them to be more competitive in the poultry industry.
- ItemEvaluación de los pesos económicos en el índice de selección del programa de mejoramiento genético sostenible de bovinos de leche de la parroquia Eloy Alfaro.(Ecuador: Latacunga: Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Almendáriz Sánchez, Angie Madeline; Barragán Rojas, Sebastián Vinicio; Veloz Veloz, Dina MaricelaThe economy of small, medium and large milk producers in Ecuador has been affected in recent years, due to the low profitability, they have, the knowledge lack from genetic improvement programs, which there is in the country greatly affects dairy production, therefore, the aim the work is to assess the economic weights the selection indices within the Eloy Alfaro parish, by taking into account the daily milk production, the milk density, the daily gain of weight and the height at the withers. Using tools, what allow us to validate this data, as: lactodensimeter, bovine measuring tape, measuring tape and animal records, by the UTCgen and Excel application. It was carried out the taking records in the March-June 2024 period from the 11 producers belonging to the parish. For avoiding bias in the data, they were divided by category to the animals: cows, calves, bulls and young bulls. The genetic value was got, by BLUP, which the response to the was calculated selection, by indicating the phenotype value that will be went to transmit to its offspring and how many generations will go it to achieve it, the results revealed, which some individuals, they presented a higher genetic value than the population average. By means correlating the economic weights variables and selection indices, we used scatter graphs, by taking into account, what the expense with the highest percentage is salaries with 66%, followed by feed with 14%, the average cost of milk production is $1.08 and the average monthly production is 433.3 liters/month, the variables indicate a strong negative relationship, ignoring labor costs, negatively affects profitability, due to the direct relationship between increased production and associated costs, therefore, producers will continue to have lower economic income, with higher production costs. In conclusion, the importance by implementing genetic improvement programs taking into account economic and productive factors is utmost importance, since producers need to benefit directly from their livestock herds by improving the profitability and sustainability each one them.
- ItemSelección del índice de los caracteres de importancia económica de los animales del programa de mejoramiento genético en bovinos de la parroquia de Guaytacama.(Ecuador: Latacunga: Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 2024-08) Proaño Freire, Favio Jonaiker; Arcos Álvarez, Cristian NeptalíIn the Guaytacama parish, as in the rest of the Cotopaxi province, he majority of the villagers are dedicated to the livestock farming and agriculture, being part of small and medium sized producers that makes up Ecuador, by the lack of reliable statistical data, as the lack of programs dedicated to the improvement of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, including cattle, results in low productivity, efficiency and effectiveness, and a low profitability around milk production, therefore, an investigation has been carried out in the Guaytacama parish, in which 20 producers participate in an improvement project, promoted by the Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, with 97 cattle, through production cost records, daily weight gain (DWG), milk production during the lactation (305 days), milk density, the height though the height of the cross. The results obtained showed that the average milk production price is $ 0.54 per liter of milk, with a monthly benefit of $19.90. In relation to the DWG the average is 321,13gr what is estimated to achieve the estimated value of 700 g/day in the next two generations. In terms of average milk production is 1014,13 kg/day/lactation, therefore, it is estimated that four generations are required to achieve the desired result of 5,000 kg/day/lactation. Likewise, the average density is 1.026 gr/ml, and could reach the estimated average in three generations, at issue to the height of the average cross is 138 cm, it is necessary to decrease the height for the following generations. Regarding the correlation coefficient, there is not a clear correlation with the monthly milk production. In conclusion, the low monthly profit, such as the high cost of milk production per liter, along with the low rates of the parish, it gives as a result an inefficient in the economic profitability, and highlights the lack of genetic improvement programs.